TITLE
Effect of Temperature on the activity of enzyme catalase
AIM
To find out how different temperatures will affect the chemical reaction of the enzyme Catalase in hydrogen peroxide.
HYPOTHESIS
The higher the temperature, the enzyme catalase will become more effective whereas when the temperature gets above 37°C, it starts getting less effective because enzymes become denatured at high temperatures (usually body temperature which is 37°C). Therefore, at higher or lower temperatures, the activity of enzymes is lower.
EQUIPMENT
1 potato
Ruler
6 beakers
6 test tubes
1 hot plate
1 packet of ice
200mL of hydrogen peroxide
1 stop watch
1 thermometer
Marker pen
Safety glasses
Knife
Chopping board
Potato Peeler
Tongs
INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT AND CONTROLLED VARIABLES
Dependent Variable - Height of the Bubbles
Independent Variable - Temperature of Hydrogen Peroxide
Controlled Variables - The amount of hydrogen peroxide used and the amount of potato used
The dependent variable was recorded using a ruler.
These were controlled by the following ways:-
1) The same stopwatch was used when the experiment was repeated.
2) Hydrogen Peroxide was taken from the same bottle when the experiment was repeated.
3) The same type of test tube and beaker was used.
4) The variables were controlled as the same size of potatoes were taken and the same volume was used and this made it control.
RESEARCH
Enzymes are proteins that help a certain chemical process to take place. Enzymes are very large and complex organic molecules that are synthesised by the cell to perform very specific functions. Catalyst is an enzyme that is found in foods such as potatoes. Catalyst speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. These biological catalysts are important because they speed up the rate of the reaction they catalyse that would otherwise be too slow to support life. In the presence of enzymes, the amount of energy required for a chemical process to take place is reduced. The reduction in the energy level helps to make the process happen faster.
Catalysts are also critical in almost every industrial chemical process, including the production of fertilisers, plastics and petrol. Every day you encounter many products that are made in catalytic reactions. Catalysts are widely used in industry because they speed up reactions and reduce the amount of energy needed for reactions to occur. This means energy savings to the manufacturer. Catalytic converters in cars reduce the amount of pollutants released. The metals that act as catalysts are platinum, palladium and rhodium.
Catalyse is an enzyme present in the cells of plants, animals and aerobic bacteria. It promotes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide, a powerful and potentially harmful oxidising agent, to water and molecular oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a harmful substance that kills cells. Nonetheless, our body generates hydrogen peroxide within each cell as a regular cellular function. So, in order to get rid of the toxic compound, our body has developed catalase to break down peroxide into water and oxygen.
All biochemical reactions are catalysed by enzymes. Since enzymes are proteins, they can be denatured in a variety of ways, so they are most active under mild conditions. Most enzymes have optimum activity at a neutral at body temperature.
All reactions are faster at a higher temperature. However, enzyme-catalysed reactions become slower or stop if the temperature becomes too high, because enzymes become denatured at high temperatures. A 10°C rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50-100%, whereas if the temperature is only changed by 1 or 2°C, the activity of most enzymes increases by 10-20%.
As the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases as well. But very high temperatures denature enzymes.
TERMINOLOGY
Denature – It means to destroy the characteristic properties of a protein (in this case; enzymes). This is usually done by heat, acidity, or other effects which disrupts its molecular conformation (in this case; by heat).
Enzymes – Enzymes are biological molecules that increase the rates of chemical reactions.
Catalase – Catalase is an enzyme which is found in blood and in most living cells that causes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
RISK ASSESSMENT
Please see the document below for the risk assessment.
Effect of Temperature on the activity of enzyme catalase
AIM
To find out how different temperatures will affect the chemical reaction of the enzyme Catalase in hydrogen peroxide.
HYPOTHESIS
The higher the temperature, the enzyme catalase will become more effective whereas when the temperature gets above 37°C, it starts getting less effective because enzymes become denatured at high temperatures (usually body temperature which is 37°C). Therefore, at higher or lower temperatures, the activity of enzymes is lower.
EQUIPMENT
1 potato
Ruler
6 beakers
6 test tubes
1 hot plate
1 packet of ice
200mL of hydrogen peroxide
1 stop watch
1 thermometer
Marker pen
Safety glasses
Knife
Chopping board
Potato Peeler
Tongs
INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT AND CONTROLLED VARIABLES
Dependent Variable - Height of the Bubbles
Independent Variable - Temperature of Hydrogen Peroxide
Controlled Variables - The amount of hydrogen peroxide used and the amount of potato used
The dependent variable was recorded using a ruler.
These were controlled by the following ways:-
1) The same stopwatch was used when the experiment was repeated.
2) Hydrogen Peroxide was taken from the same bottle when the experiment was repeated.
3) The same type of test tube and beaker was used.
4) The variables were controlled as the same size of potatoes were taken and the same volume was used and this made it control.
RESEARCH
Enzymes are proteins that help a certain chemical process to take place. Enzymes are very large and complex organic molecules that are synthesised by the cell to perform very specific functions. Catalyst is an enzyme that is found in foods such as potatoes. Catalyst speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. These biological catalysts are important because they speed up the rate of the reaction they catalyse that would otherwise be too slow to support life. In the presence of enzymes, the amount of energy required for a chemical process to take place is reduced. The reduction in the energy level helps to make the process happen faster.
Catalysts are also critical in almost every industrial chemical process, including the production of fertilisers, plastics and petrol. Every day you encounter many products that are made in catalytic reactions. Catalysts are widely used in industry because they speed up reactions and reduce the amount of energy needed for reactions to occur. This means energy savings to the manufacturer. Catalytic converters in cars reduce the amount of pollutants released. The metals that act as catalysts are platinum, palladium and rhodium.
Catalyse is an enzyme present in the cells of plants, animals and aerobic bacteria. It promotes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide, a powerful and potentially harmful oxidising agent, to water and molecular oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a harmful substance that kills cells. Nonetheless, our body generates hydrogen peroxide within each cell as a regular cellular function. So, in order to get rid of the toxic compound, our body has developed catalase to break down peroxide into water and oxygen.
All biochemical reactions are catalysed by enzymes. Since enzymes are proteins, they can be denatured in a variety of ways, so they are most active under mild conditions. Most enzymes have optimum activity at a neutral at body temperature.
All reactions are faster at a higher temperature. However, enzyme-catalysed reactions become slower or stop if the temperature becomes too high, because enzymes become denatured at high temperatures. A 10°C rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50-100%, whereas if the temperature is only changed by 1 or 2°C, the activity of most enzymes increases by 10-20%.
As the temperature increases, the rate of reaction increases as well. But very high temperatures denature enzymes.
TERMINOLOGY
Denature – It means to destroy the characteristic properties of a protein (in this case; enzymes). This is usually done by heat, acidity, or other effects which disrupts its molecular conformation (in this case; by heat).
Enzymes – Enzymes are biological molecules that increase the rates of chemical reactions.
Catalase – Catalase is an enzyme which is found in blood and in most living cells that causes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
RISK ASSESSMENT
Please see the document below for the risk assessment.
risk_assessment_.pdf | |
File Size: | 199 kb |
File Type: |
DRAFTING OF THE FINAL REPORT
Please see the document below for the "Drafting of the Final Report".
Please see the document below for the "Drafting of the Final Report".
drafting.pdf | |
File Size: | 530 kb |
File Type: |